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Table 1 Components of Water Balance (Lambert, 2002)

From: Adaptation of multiple regression analysis to identify effective factors of water losses in water distribution systems

System

input

volume

Authorized

consumption

Billed authorized

consumption

Billed metered consumption

(including water exported)

Revenue

water

Billed non-metered consumption

Unbilled

authorized

consumption

Unbilled metered consumption

Non-

revenue

water

Unbilled non-metered consumption

Water

losses

Apparent losses

Unauthorized consumption

Metering inaccuracies

Real losses

Leak on transmission and/or

distribution mains

Leaks and overflows at utility’s

storage tanks

Leaks in service connections up to customer meters